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Miguel Joaquín Diego del Carmen Serrano Fernández (10 September 1917 – 28 February 2009), was a Chilean diplomat, writer, , and activist. A sympathiser in the late 1930s and early 1940s, he later became a prominent figure in the movement as an exponent of .

Born to a wealthy Chilean family, he developed an interest in writing and far-right politics, allying himself with the National Socialist Movement of Chile. During the Second World War, in which Chile remained neutral until 1943, Serrano campaigned in support of and promoted antisemitic conspiracy theories through his own fortnightly publication, La Nueva Edad. In 1942, he joined an occult order founded by a German immigrant which combined pro-Nazi sentiment with and . It presented the Nazi German leader as a spiritual adept who had incarnated to Earth as a savior of the and who would lead humanity out of a dark age known as the . Serrano became convinced that Hitler had not died in 1945 but had secretly survived and was living in Antarctica. After visiting Antarctica, Serrano travelled to Germany and then Switzerland, where he met the novelist and psychoanalyst ; in 1965, he published a reminiscence of his time with the pair.

In 1953, Serrano joined the Chilean diplomatic corps and was stationed in India until 1963, where he took a keen interest in and wrote several books. He was later made ambassador to Yugoslavia and then Austria, and while in Europe made contacts with various former Nazis and other far-rightists living on the continent. Following Chile's election of a President, , Serrano was dismissed from the diplomatic service in 1970. After Allende was ousted in a coup and took power, Serrano returned to Chile in 1973. He became a prominent organiser in the Chilean neo-Nazi movement, holding annual celebrations of Hitler's birthday, organising a neo-Nazi rally in Santiago, and producing a neo-Nazi political manifesto. He wrote a trilogy of books on Hitler in which he outlined his view of the Nazi leader as an avatar. He remained in contact with neo-Nazis elsewhere in the world and gave interviews to various foreign far-right publications. After , he has been considered the most prominent exponent of Esoteric Hitlerism within the neo-Nazi movement.


Biography

Childhood: 1917–1938
Miguel Joaquín Diego del Carmen Serrano Fernández was born on 10 September 1917. On his maternal line, he was descended from the countesses of Sierra Bella. His mother, Berta Fernández Fernández, died when Serrano was five years old, while his father, Diego Serrano Manterola, died three years later. He had two younger brothers and a sister, who were then all raised by his paternal grandmother, Fresia Manterola de Serrano, moving between a townhouse and a 17th-century country mansion in the Claro Valley.

Between 1929 and 1934, he studied at the Internado Nacional Barros Arana. The school had been heavily influenced by staff members who had arrived in the late 19th century, with Serrano attributing his later to this early exposure to German culture. At the school he moved in literary circles. A close friend of his was Hector Barreto, a poet and . Aged 18, Barreto was killed in a brawl with uniformed Nacistas, members of the National Socialist Movement of Chile, a group inspired by the example of the in Germany. This event encouraged Serrano's involvement in left-wing politics as he began to take an interest in and the Chilean Marxist movement. He wrote articles for leftist journals like Sobre la marcha, La Hora, and Frente Popular. His uncle, the poet , encouraged him to join the left-wing Republicans in the ongoing Spanish Civil War, but he did not do so.


Nazism and occultism: 1939–1952
Serrano grew critical of Marxism and left-wing politics, instead being drawn to the Nacistas after their failed coup in September 1938. By July 1939, Serrano was publicly associating himself with the Nacista movement, now organised as the Popular Socialist Vanguard. He began writing for their journal, Trabajo, and accompanied their leader, Jorge González von Marées, on his speaking tours across Chile. At the outbreak of the Second World War, in which Chile remained neutral, Serrano expressed support for ; from July 1941 he launched a fortnightly pro-Nazi publication, La Nueva Edad. Among the magazine's regular contributors were the journalist René Arriagada, General Francisco Javier Díaz, and Hugo Gallo, who was the cultural attaché at the Italian Embassy. Through this work, Serrano developed close links with the German Embassy in Chile and its personnel.

Although Serrano had initially shown little interest in Nazi attitudes towards Jewish people, he became increasingly interested in conspiracy theories about Jews manipulating world events. Two Chilean artists gave him a Spanish language translation of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, a text purporting to expose this alleged international Jewish conspiracy. According to the historian Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, it was this discovery of the Protocols which "marked a crucial point in the development of Serrano's Nazism". From November 1941, he began printing excerpts from the Protocols in La Nueva Edad.

Serrano also developed an interest in forms of religious or spiritual practice, including both Western esotericism and . In late 1941, Gallo suggested that Serrano could support the German and Italian war effort not just through his publications, but also on the etheric Inner Planes, introducing him to an esoteric order sympathetic to Nazism. Serrano later claimed that this order had been founded near the start of the 20th century by a German migrant known as "F. K." Serrano was initiated into the group in February 1942.

F. K. claimed that the group owed its allegiance to a secretive elite who resided in the Himalayas. It practiced combined with and expressed a pro-Nazi position. It espoused a belief in an which could be awakened through various rituals and meditative practices. The group revered the Nazi German leader Adolf Hitler as the savior of an and presented him as a shudibudishvabhaba, an initiate of immense willpower who had voluntarily incarnated onto Earth to assist in the overthrow of the , a present dark age for humanity. F. K. claimed that through the astral realm, he was able to establish a connection with Hitler, during which they had various conversations.

As the Second World War ended in defeat for Nazi Germany in 1945, Serrano was convinced that Hitler had not committed suicide in Berlin as was claimed by the victorious Allies. Instead, Serrano believed that Hitler had escaped and was living in Antarctica, either in a secluded warm environment on the continent or under the ice cap itself. This idea had been suggested to him by F. K.—who claimed that he remained in astral contact with Hitler—but was also widely rumoured in the Latin American press. In 1947, Ladislao Szabó's book Hitler est vivo had been published, exerting an influence on Serrano. Szabó's book alleged that a convoy had taken Hitler to safety in Queen Maud Land. In 1947–48, Serrano travelled to Antarctica as a journalist with the Chilean Army. In 1948, he wrote his own short book, La Antártica y otros Mitos, which repeated Szabó's claims about Hitler's survival.

In 1951, Serrano travelled to Europe, and in Germany visited various sites associated with the Nazi Party, including Hitler's Berlin bunker, Hitler's Berghof home, and , where and other prominent Nazis were then imprisoned. During this trip he also visited Switzerland, where he met and befriended the writer and the psychoanalyst .


Diplomatic career: 1953–1970
In 1953, Serrano—following a number of other family members—joined the Chilean diplomatic corps. He hoped to gain a posting to India, a land which he considered to be a source of great spiritual truths. He was successful in this, and remained in India until 1962. In this period, he visited many Hindu temples and searched for evidence of the secretive Brahmanical order into which F. K. had alleged initiation. In his role as a diplomat, he met various prominent figures, including , , and the 14th Dalai Lama. It was while in India that he wrote and published two books: The Visits of the Queen of Sheba (1960), which had a preface by Jung, and The Serpent of Paradise (1963), which discussed his experiences in the country. Serrano had engaged in further correspondence with Jung between 1957 and 1961. In 1965 his book, C. J. Jung and Hermann Hesse: A Record of Two Friendships, was published.

Leaving India, from 1962 to 1964 he was posted as the Chilean ambassador to . From 1964 to 1970 he then served as his country's ambassador to Austria, for which he lived in . During the latter posting, he also represented Chile at the International Atomic Energy Agency and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, both of which were based in Vienna. While in Europe, he had sought out a number of individuals linked to Nazism and to the far-right more broadly; these included visits to the co-founder , the designer and occultist , the poet , and the Traditionalist thinker . He established friendships with a number of individuals involved in the old Nazi movement, including Léon Degrelle, , Hans-Ulrich Rudel, , and . He also discussed issues with the ancient astronaut proponent .

In the 1970 Chilean presidential election, the Socialist was elected president. Later that year, Serrano was dropped from the country's diplomatic service. Rather than returning to Chile, he moved to Switzerland, renting an apartment in the Casa Camuzzi—where Hesse had lived from 1912 to 1931—at in the Swiss .


Later life: 1973–2009
The loss of his diplomatic position, coupled with the establishment of a Marxist government in Chile, led Serrano to take a revived interest in Nazism. He began reading a number of recently published books that purported to identify links between Nazism and occultism. In 1973, his book El/Ella: Book of Magic Love was published. After Allende was ousted in a September 1973 coup and a right-wing military regime under took power, Serrano returned to Chile. He nevertheless found that the Pinochet administration was not interested in his neo-Nazi and Esoteric Hitlerist ideas. In 1980, his book Nos: A Book of the Resurrection was published, a form of autobiography influenced by Jungian psychology. He also produced a trio of books that came to be known as his "Hitler Trilogy": El Cordón Dorado: Hitlerismo Esotérico (1978), Adolf Hitler, el Ultimo Avatãra (1984), and Manú: "Por el hombre que vendra" (1991).

He increasingly associated with old Nazis living in Chile as well as with their neo-Nazi sympathisers. In May 1984 he attended the funeral of —a member of the who had played a role in organising the early stages of the and who had fled to Chile after the Second World War—and there gave the . In 1986 he published a political manifesto for Nazism in the of South America. He began organising annual celebrations of Hitler's birthday at a rural retreat in Chile. In September 1993, he led a neo-Nazi rally in Santiago—dressed in what had become his trademark black leather coat—in honor of the Nazi Rudolf Hess and the Nacistas summarily executed by Chilean police officers following their 1938 coup attempt. As well as playing a role in organising the Chilean neo-Nazi movement, Serrano maintained correspondences with neo-Nazis elsewhere in the world, such as the American .

Serrano was the subject of an extensive interview in the Greek far-right magazine ΤΟ ΑΝΤΙΔΟΤΟ. Here, he sought to engage a younger audience by contrasting his vision of Nazism with his perception of the corruption of modern liberalism. He was also the subject of a feature in The Flaming Sword, a magazine issued by the Black Order, a neo-Nazi group established by the New Zealander . Bolton had also written his own study of Serrano's Esoteric Hitlerism, and the Black Order's occult framework was influenced by Serrano's ideas. Despite the interest that Nazi Satanists took in Serrano's work, he was critical of attempts to combine Satanism with Nazism, in 2001 stating that individuals who did so "will only damage our sacred fight with all the kookiness from California, like Satanism". He added that "Many Satanists do not know that they are manipulated, psychotronically, in fact hypnotized, when not infiltrated by the CIA, Mossad and other such secret organisations."

By the early 1990s, Serrano's Esoteric Hitlerist ideas were spreading among , gaining particular popularity among far-right Germanic heathens in the United States. The American Heathen Katja Lane of the group secured the rights to publish English translations of Serrano's work, with Wotansvolk becoming the main promoter of Serrano's writings in the Anglophone world through their . One of the prominent far-right Heathens to be influenced by Serrano's ideas was Jost Turner. Another American occultist to cite an influence from Serrano's ideas was Michael Moynihan, who also cited having been influenced by Evola, , , and James Mason.

In 28 February 2009, Familiares y camaradas despiden al Nazi de las letras Chilenas , La Nación, 2 March 2009 Muere el poeta nazi chileno Miguel Serrano a los 91 años, Soitu.es, 2 March 2009. Fallece escritor y ex embajador Miguel Serrano, , 2 March 2009. Obituarios: Miguel Serrano, Poeta del nazismo en Chile, Ramy Wurgaft, El Mundo, 9 March 2009.Sierra, Andrea; Los tesoros que deja en Chile el último ideólogo del nazismo, , 8 March 2009Robles, Leonardo; El poeta nazi emprendió el viaje al infinito, El Mercurio de Valparaíso, 3 March 2009 Serrano died after suffering a stroke in his apartment in the Santa Lucía Hill sector of Santiago, the capital.García, Javier; Un polémico maestro: el legado de Miguel Serrano, , 19 August 2017 During his funeral at the General Cemetery, the procession paused at Irene Klatt Getta's crypt, where his coffin and the crowd of over 100 people stopped momentarily before continuing.


Reception and legacy
The historian of religion described Serrano as "one of the most important occult fascist ideologues in the Spanish-speaking world". The historian of religion noted that Serrano was "the most important figure" in esoteric Hitlerism after Savitri Devi. According to Goodrick-Clarke, Serrano's "mystical Nazism" was "a major example of the Thulean mythology's successful migration to South America in the post-war period". Goodrick-Clarke thought it "likely that old Nazis welcomed Serrano's enthusiasm and unswerving loyalty to their hero, Adolf Hitler", even if they found the Esoteric Hitlerist mythology that he promoted to be farfetched. Conversely, Goodrick-Clarke thought, for younger neo-Nazis, "a coloring of pop mythology, Hinduism, and extraterrestrial Aryan gods adds sensational appeal to the powerful myths of elitism, planetary destiny and the cosmic conspiracy of the Jews."

The historian Rafael Videla Eissman proposed that a plaque commemorating Serrano be erected on the western side of the Cerro Santa Lucía, although in June 2014 the municipality of Santiago rejected the idea. In February 2016, the newspaper published an interview with Serrano's grandson, Sebastián Araya, in which he discussed his relationship with his grandfather. In December 2017, the author and journalist Gonzalo León published a fictionalized novelisation of Serrano's life.


Ideas
In 1984 he published his 643-page tome, Adolf Hitler, el Ăšltimo AvatĂŁra ( Adolf Hitler: The Last ), which is dedicated "To the glory of the FĂĽhrer, Adolf Hitler". In this arcane work, Serrano unfolds his ultimate philosophical testament through elaborate esoteric and mythological symbolism. He insists that there has been a vast historical conspiracy to conceal the origins of evolved humankind. Serrano's epic vista opens with extragalactic beings who founded the First Hyperborea, a terrestrial but non-physical realm, which was neither geographically limited nor bound by the circles of reincarnation. The Hyperboreans were asexual and reproduced through "plasmic emanations" from their ethereal bodies; the power was theirs to command, the light of the Black Sun coursed through their veins and they saw with the . Serrano contends that the last documents relating to them were destroyed along with the Alexandrian Library, and that, latterly, these beings have been misunderstood as extraterrestrials arriving in or . However, the First Hyperborea was immaterial and altogether outside our mechanistic universe.

The latter is under the jurisdiction of the Demiurge, an inferior godlet whose realm is the physical planet Earth. The Demiurge had created a bestial imitation of humanity in the form of proto-human "robots" like Man, and intentionally consigned his creatures to an endless cycle of involuntary reincarnation on the earthly plane to no higher purpose. The Hyperboreans recoiled in horror from this entrapment within the Demiurge's cycles. They themselves take the devayana, the Way of the Gods, at death and return to the earth (as ) only if they are willing.

Determined upon a heroic war to reclaim the Demiurge's deteriorating world, the Hyperboreans clothed themselves in material bodies and descended on to the Second Hyperborea, a ring-shaped continent around the North Pole. During this or , they magnanimously instructed the Demiurge's creations (the Black, Yellow and Red races native to the planet) and began to raise them above their animal condition. Then disaster struck; some of the Hyperboreans rebelled and intermingled their blood with the creatures of the Demiurge, and through this transgression Paradise was lost. Serrano refers to Genesis 6.4: "the sons of God came in to the daughters of men, and they bore children to them". By diluting the divine blood, the primordial accelerated the process of material decay. This was reflected in outward catastrophes and the North and South Poles reversed positions as a result of the fall of a comet or moon. The polar continent disappeared beneath the deluge and Hyperborea became invisible again. The Hyperboreans themselves survived, some taking refuge at the South Pole. Serrano regards the mysterious appearance of the fine and artistic Cro-Magnon Man in Europe as evidence of Hyperboreans driven southward by the Ice Age. But Serrano claims that the Golden Age can be reattained if the Hyperboreans' descendants, the Aryans, consciously repurify their blood to restore the divine blood-memory:

There is nothing more mysterious than blood. considered it a condensation of light. I believe that the Aryan, Hyperborean blood is that – but not the light of the Golden Sun, not of a galactic sun, but of the light of the Black Sun, of the Green Ray.Serrano 1984: 95.


Written works
1938Antología del Verdadero Cuento en ChileSantiago de Chile, Talleres "Gutenberg".Selections, prologue, and notes by Serrano. Short stories by: Pedro Carrillo, , Adrián Jiménez, Juan Tejeda, , Teófilo Cid, , , Anuar Atías, Miguel Serrano, and Héctor Barreto.
1948La Antártica y otros Mitos TheFirst edition (Spanish): 1948 (Santiago de Chile). 52 pages

Other editions: Excalibur, XIV (winter 1988). The New Age Santiago, 2004. .

Speech that was delivered by Miguel Serrano in 1948 after his participation in the Second Chilean Antarctic Expedition (1947–48).
1950Ni por mar ni por tierra… (historia de una generación) NeitherFirst edition (Spanish): 1950 (Nascimento, Santiago de Chile). 400 pages.

Other editions: EB Books. Santiago, 2017. . Kier. Buenos Aires, 1979 (abbreviated). Trilogy of the search in the outside world. Nascimento Santiago, 1974 (abbreviated).

1957Quién llama en los Hielos InvitationSantiago, Chile, Editorial Nascimento; Barcelona: Planeta, 1974
1960Los misterios ''TheFirst edition (Spanish): 1960 (New Delhi). 20 pages

Other editions: Be-uve-drais. Santiago, 2006 (Spanish). . EB Books. Santiago, 2016 (Spanish). . Excalibur, vol. XVII (autumn 1989) (Spanish). New Delhi, 1960 (English).

1960Las visitas de la Reina de Saba. Translated as The Visits of the Queen of Sheba, foreword by C. G. JungSantiago Nascimento; Bombay, New York: Asia Pub. House; New York: Harper & Row 1973,, ; London, Boston: Routledge and K. Paul 1972, 2nd ed., & (pbk.)
1963La Serpiente del ParaĂ­so. Translated as The Serpent of Paradise: The Story of an Indian PilgrimageSantiago, Chile, Editorial Nascimento; London: Rider 1963; New York: Harper & Row 1st ; London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Revised, &
1965El círculo hermético, de Hesse a Jung. Translated as C. G. Jung and : A Record of Two Friendships, and alternatively as Jung and Hesse: A Record of Two FriendshipsSantiago: Zig-Zag 1965; New York: Schocken Books 1966; London: Routledge & K. Paul 1966;
1969The Ultimate FlowerNew York: Schocken Books 1970,; London: Routledge & K. Paul 1969, &
1972El/Ella: Book of Magic LoveNew York: Harper & Row, ;
1974Trilogía de la Busqueda del Mundo ExteriorSantiago, Chile: Editorial NascimentoAnthology of Ni por mar, ni por tierra, Quién llama en los hielos, and La serpiente del paraíso.
1978El Cordón Dorado: Hitlerismo Esotérico The Part one of his Hitler Trilogy
1980Nos, libro de la ResurecciĂłn. Translated to Nos, Book of the ResurrectionBuenos Aires: Editorial Kier; London, Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul 1984,
1984Adolf Hitler, el Ăšltimo AvatĂŁra Adolf Part two of his Hitler Trilogy
1986Nacionalsocialismo, Unica Solución para los Pueblos de América del Sur NationalSantiago: Alfabeta; Bogotá: Editorial Solar, 2nd ed. 1987
1986La Resurrección del Héroe: Año 97 de la era Hitleriana TheSantiago: Alfabeta Impresores
1987Contra la Usura by ; Serrano contribuidor.Santiago, Chile: Alfabeta Impr.Spanish translation of Manifest zur Brechung der Zinsknechtschaft des Geldes The
1991MANĂš: "Por El Hombre Que Vendra" Manu: Part three of his Hitler Trilogy
1992No Celebraremos la Muerte de los Dioses Blancos
1994Nuestro Honor se Llama Lealtad
1995Imitacion de la Verdad: La ciberpoliĂ­tica. Internet, realidad virtual, telepresenciaSantiago: Author
1996Memorias de Él y Yo vol. I, Aparición del "Yo" – Alejamiento de "Él" MemoriesSantiago: La Nueva Edad. First edition (Spanish): 1996 (The New Age, Santiago de Chile). 216 pages. .

Other editions: Solar. Bogotá, 2001. .

1997Memorias de Él y Yo vol. II, Adolf Hitler y la Gran Guerra MemoriesSantiago: La Nueva Edad. First edition (Spanish): 1997 (The New Age, Santiago de Chile). 312 pages .

Other editions: Solar. Bogotá, 2001. .

1998Memorias de Él y Yo vol. III, Misión en los Transhimalaya MemoriesSantiago: La Nueva Edad. Spanish, first edition 312 pages

Editions The New Age (1998)

Other editions: Solar. Bogotá, 2001. .

1999Memorias de Él y Yo vol. IV, El Regreso MemoriesSantiago: La Nueva Edad. First edition (Spanish): 1999 (The New Age, Santiago de Chile). 312 pages .

Other editions: Solar. Bogotá, 2001. ().

2000Foreword to Temple of Wotan: Holy Book of the Aryan Tribes by Ron McVan14 Word Press,
2001Se AcabĂł Chile
2003El hijo del viudo ''TheSpanish, 2003: La Nueva Edad. Santiago de Chile. 72 páginas. . English, 2003: The New Age Santiago. .
2003La entrega de la Patagonia mágica
2005HipocresĂ­a. La tortura en Chile
2005MAYA, La Realidad Es Una Ilusión ''MAYA,Spanish, 2005: La Nueva Edad. Santiago de Chile. 44 páginas. . English 2006: The New Age. Santiago.


See also
  • Jacques de Mahieu
  • Paul Schäfer
  • JosĂ© LĂłpez Rega


Works cited


Further reading
  • (1999). 9781570270390, .
  • "An Interview With Miguel Serrano: 'Esoteric Hitlerist'" in The Flaming Sword No. 3, August 1994. ,
  • Miguel Serrano Il cerchio ermetico (frammenti) a cura di Sabrina Albertoni disegni di Stefano Cipolat, Prato, Pentalinea, 2005


External links

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